There is no doubt that for anyone who is trying to learn a second language, the pronunciation of that language will be a major source of concern and they will have to face up to its shortcomings,Some of the basic structures of English grammar are quite simple, They can be described in short as sentence types, structural components, types of sentences and elements of the clause. From this article, we will focus on the four main components of English grammar that a beginner must know. They are sentence, subject and verb (parts of), tense, construction, and cases including the usage of punctuation.

1. Grammar basic activity: Sentence grammar

A defining characteristic of English grammar is that its basic structure is sentences. It means that a sentence is a set of words which together have a meaning. It has been defined that a sentence must contain two major components and these are an operational subject and a verb of a predicate. a. "Whom" in this context is a standalone phrase or word. This will help to be clear about the verb as well as the operational subject of the sentence.

For example, in sayings such as: John is reading a book. 'John' as the subject serves on behalf of the audience in the sentence. Primarily it is the focal point of a book and audience. Moreover, a person sitting, physically present but has no reference point or itself, or as one single prominent individual does not work, this is in reference to people who are not physically present.

Furthermore, the wording is also limited in terms of verbs. In other words: what is happening to it or what he/she/it is doing.

2. Parts of Speech

It is generally accepted that eight parts of speech exist in the English language. Knowing these will allow you to construct sentences in an appropriate manner.

Nouns

Nouns are words that are used to identify people, places, objects or abstract concepts.

• General nouns: Refers to common things such as dog, city, car.
• Perspective nouns: Identifies individuals or geographical places such as John or Paris.
• Example: The dog is barking.

Pronouns

They include words such as he, she, it, I, you and others used instead of nouns so as to refrain from repeating the same one.

• They can also be noted in a different way I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
• Example: He is playing football.

Verbs

Verbs are the words that represent action, events or a state of existence.

• Doing words: Expresses physical and mental doing words like run, jump, think respectively.
• Example: They run every morning.
• Being words: Words that show a situation like am, is, are.
• Example: She is happy.

Adjectives

Adjectives are words which add detail to or describe nouns.

• Example: There is a red apple which is sweet.

Adverbs

Adverbs are words that qualify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs and which usually answer the questions which, how, when, where and to what extent.

• Example: She runs quickly.

Prepositions

Prepositions are words that depict a noun or pronouns in relation to another word or words in a sentence. Examples of prepositions are: on, in, at, by, for, etc.

• Example: The book is on the table.

Conjunctions

Conjunctions perform the linking function in the sentence, whether it be between words, phrases or clauses. The common and the most frequently used conjunctions are 'and', 'but', or 'or'.

• Example: I like both coffee and tea.

Interjections

Interjections are words that are used to convey a certain feeling. They usually come with exclamation marks.

• Example: Wow! That's awesome!

3. Basic Tenses

Tenses in English are used to denote the time of the occurrence of an action by the use of three basic tenses which are present, past and future.

Present Tense

The present tense accounts for any action being performed is to be done currently or repeatedly.

• Simple present: General rule. This is used to describe common customs or regular statistics.
• Example: She reads books every day.
• Present continuous: Refers to the aspect that seeks for activities being undertaken at the time.
• Example: She is reading a book now.

Past Tense

The actions in past tense were performed in already gone time period.

• Simple past: This refers to the form that describes actions that has been done.
• Example: She read a book yesterday.
• Past continuous: Actions that were in progress at a certain time in the past.
• Example: She was reading a book when I called her.

Future Tense

The action yet to perform in future can be identified with the future tense.

• Simple future: Address all those expected actions that one intends to undertake sometime in the future.
• Example: She will read a book tomorrow.
• Future continuous: The future tense that is used to indicate or describe ongoing activities that will take place at a future time.
• Example: She will be reading a book at this time tomorrow.

4. Articles

There are several articles used in the English language that help to clarify whether something is being made specific or remains general.

Definite Article (The)

The article "The" is used when the attention is being paid to the specific object that is already known by both interlocutors.

• Example: The dog is barking outside.

Indefinite Articles (A/An)

A and an are used to indicate that the subject is away in terms of qualities or is broad. A is pronounced before words with a consonant while an is pronounced before words with a vowel.

• Example: She has a dog.
• Example: He is an artist.

5. Plural Nouns

Nouns in plural refer to two or more individuals, location, animals, things or places. To create plural nouns, the adding of –s or –es to the end of the words is adopted.

• Regular plurals:These rules apply to most countable nouns: when consonants are concerned -s can usually be added.
• Example: book→books, car→cars.
• Nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh: –es must be affixed.
• Example: bus→buses, box→boxes.
• Irregular Plurals: It is possible that other nouns may not follow the general rules set by the regular nouns.
• Example: child — children, man — men, foot — feet.

6. Subject-Verb Agreement

In English grammar, the subject and verb must agree with respect to number which means the singular must have a singular verb and the plural should have a plural verb.

• Singular subject: Use a singular verb.
• Example: She likes ice cream
• Plural subject: Use a plural verb.
• Example: They like ice cream.

For present tense verbs, you will most likely add an -s or an -es for third person singular subjects (he, she, it).

7. Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives

A pronoun is a substitute for a noun so as to avoid repeating the noun over and over again. Possessive adjectives introduce the idea of possession or ownership.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns change in form according to their function in the sentence.

• Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
• Example: She is a teacher.
• Object pronouns: Me, you, him, her, it, us, them.
• Example: I gave the book to her.

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives designate the possessor of the noun modified by the adjective.

• My, your, his, her, its, our, their.
• Example: This is my book.

8. Formation of Questions

The English language contains a common set of words called the wh- words that are used to frame questions that seek particular information.

• Who: Is used in relation to a person and more than one person.
• Example: Who is your teacher?
• What: Is used in relation to an object, an idea or a course of action.
• Example: What is your favorite color?
• Where: Is used in relation to a location or place.
• Example: Where do you live?
• When: Is used in relation to the time.
• Example: When is your birthday?
• Why: Is used in relation to the cause.
• Example: Why are you late?
• How: Is used to ask questions relating to the manner or the way something is performed.
• Example: How do you make a cake?
• In case of yes/no queries, the order verb-subject-predicate is used.
• Example: Are you ready?

In the English language, the most important skill that an individual can gain is the ability to describe people and their personalities in such a way that the listeners are fascinated. This is important in all the activities where a conversation takes place or a story is told or a person is tried to be understood in depth. This article will give us the vocabulary necessary for describing and explaining individuals' physical attributes and personality characteristics.

1. Appearance: General Terms

When portraying or describing a person's outward features, it is essential to have a complete vocabulary mix that covers both the general and the minute features of inflections. Here are some general terms you can use when speaking about how someone looks.

• Tall / Short: These are basic words to describe height. A person can be tall, short, or of average height.
• Slim / Thin: These terms are used for people who have a slender body shape. "Slim" often has a more positive connotation, while "thin" can sometimes suggest being too skinny.
• Chubby / Overweight: These words describe people who are heavier in body shape. "Chubby" can be a more friendly term, particularly when speaking of children, while "overweight" is more neutral.
• Fit/Muscular: Used to refer to individuals who are physically strong or well-toned. These words are usually associated with an individual who frequently exercises.
• Plump: An indirect term used to mean 'a little overweight' and intended to be pleasant.

2. Facial Features

Three such features, eyes, hair and face structure are the general categories that help in describing one's face. The impression of an individual's appearance can be influenced by the composition of the face's parts.

• Round face/Oval face: These words best describe the general configuration of a person's face. A round face has a circle shape while an oval face is elongated rather.
• Freckles: Small brown discolorations of the skin, especially of fair-skinned individuals.
• Wrinkles: Rest creases in the skin that a person develops on his skin due to age.
• Dimples: Defined as small depressions which are found in cheeks when a person smiles.
• Pale/Tanned: This is used in reference as to the complexion of an individual. Pale means of a light complexion while tanned means rough dry skin from the sun.

3. Hair

Undoubtedly, hair is another feature that we hear compliments about and notice when we look at someone. So here are a few terms which can be used for describing the hair in more detail.

• Curly / Wavy / Straight: These are the descriptive terms for hair. Curls are caused by curling the hair tightly, waves are caused by the loosening of the hair while straight hair has no curls or waves.
• Blonde / Brunette / Redhead: These are the adjectives for the color of the hair. "Blonde" describes yellow or light-colored hair, "Brunette" describes brown or dark color hair, and "redhead" describes a person who has red or ginger hair color.
• Bald: It is the status or condition of a person in which no head hairs are present upon his or her scalp.
• Shoulder-length / Short / Long: These are the adjectives which also portray someone's hair but this time it is regarding the length of the hair.
• Frizzy: The best description for hair that grows out of the head and is quite tightly curled. This type of hair is wild and is easily unruly.

4. Eyes

The explanation of what a person is like can start with the eyes which is the second most conveyance part of the face and in English, there are many words to describe the eyes also.

• Blue / Green / Brown / Hazel: Anyone's procession who has eyes of the above colors, he or she does not have any defects and that's why it is very easy for others to define the color of his or her eyes.
• Bright eyes: Such a description is generally used by 'Mothers' for their daughters when showing off how delightful their children are, and how full of life their eyes are.
• Wide-eyed: A person having a wide, opened look as if surprised or innocent. Can also be used to describe a person who has baby-like eyes.
• Narrowed eyes: People seem to be in a squint due to either having a suspicion or due to concentrating on something specific.
• Eyebrows: Based on their density and size, these can be further divided into thick and thin, arches and so forth.

5. Age Depiction

There are several decent approaches towards describing somebody's age in the English language. A particular word that has caused many problems is age. However, these terms do help in order to provide a rough estimate of a person's age.

• Young / Youth: Normally employed for individuals in their teens, twenties or the early thirties. Even the term "youthful" can apply to someone older but youthful in person or behavior.
• Middle-aged: This will include people ranging from forty years to sixty years of age.
• Elderly / Senior: For the older aged which is generally over the age of sixty five. "Elderly" and "senior" are generally considered proper terminology when speaking about old aged people.

6. Personality traits: Good

Personality of, let's say, is a person, is equally significant as the outer look, or rather can be considered as part of someone's outer look as well. Most common favorable personality traits are about the following qualities:

• Friendly: A person who is, when addressed, makes it easy for other people and helps them to feel easy and comfortable.
• Generous: A person who is charitable and is willing to share money, time or even an act of kindness.
• Hardworking: A person who is committed and is ready to put in much effort in order to ensure tasks are completed.
• Creative: Someone who has very many innovative ideas and goes beyond the common thought.
• Confident: A person who has faith in himself and his capabilities.
• Optimistic: Someone who looks at the bright side of any event and believes in positive results.
• Sociable: A person who loves the company of other people and is likely to make a lot of friends.

7. Personality Traits: Negative

However, it should sometimes be necessary to utilize negative personality traits in description. This is where some words can come in handy.

• Arrogant: An individual who believes that he is more important than others with very little or no proof to support that claim.
• Selfish: A person who only has regard for their own interests without any consideration for other people's interests or feelings.
• Lazy: An individual who does not reach even the minimum effort which is warranted and avoids work.
• Impatient: Someone who is quick to lose their cool and is not able to endure delays.
• Rude: A person who does not follow the rules of etiquette and behaves in a disgraceful manner to people.
• Moody: A person whose state of being changes with the slightest of things and is characterized by being irritable and high maintenance.
• Pessimistic: Such people are negative thinkers and are ever ready to bring forth negative outcomes or envisage negative events.

8. Emotional Descriptions

How a single person is feeling at a given moment in time is also crucial, in addition to personality dimensions. Below are some of the emotional descriptors.

• Excited: Someone who is bubbling with energy and enthused about something as they look forward to it.
• Nervous: A person who feels uneasy because they dread for something that is yet to happen.
• Calm: A person who is unperturbed and composed and does not get easily angered or stressed out.
• Frustrated: Someone who feels offended or demoralized because they are unable to do or attain something.
• Happy / Sad: Two very basic emotions and should as a matter of fact describe someone's mood in a positive and negative manner.

9. Describing Clothing and Style

Another area of appearance that can make one understand the person more and in detail is clothing. Here are some of the common phrases that are used while writing about clothing and style.

• Casual: A style of clothes worn for comfort and laid-back occasions and events.
• Formal: Refers to clothing that is presentable in official or special events, such as a tuxedo or gown.
• Trendy: An individual who keeps up with the latest fashions and what is trending at the moment.
• Elegant: A person who puts on stylish and classy clothes and has a good sense of fashion.
• Sloppy: It indicates a person who is shabbily dressed or not appropriately dressed.
• Chic: It applies to a woman who is stylish and fashionable in somewhat understated and classical manners.

10. Body Language

Body language contributes greatly to the image, and where words do not suffice, body language will tell the person everything.

• Because of standing or sitting with the back straight - this is often regarded as a sign of confidence.
• Sit or stand and bend their back - which indicates that one has grown tired or lazy.
• Together are their arms when most people are relaxed, - this may stereotype some cultures from the defensiveness or warmness.
• Someone with his/her hands hanging unnaturally by their sides, is relaxed and is likely to be approachable and not tense.
• Biting of the fingernails; tapping feet; refusal to make eye contact. There are all signs which indicate nervousness or discomfort on the part of the individual.

English descriptors of people must be enriched with a variety for appearance and character. An understanding of the right ideas will assist in communicating one's looks and actions. This will further improve reading and writing and comprehending advanced texts where human descriptions are of great importance.

In English, phrasal verbs are the verbs joined to prepositions or adverbs which constitute additional meaning. They are difficult because the meaning of the phrasal verb cannot be derived from the meaning of the original verb. For non-native speakers of English, these can be a complex thing to get used to, however they account for a big part of colloquial English. Once you have mastered how these verbs function, your ability to speak English more fluidly and naturally will improve drastically.

At this point, let's examine a few standard phrases, which phrasal verbs are predominantly used in what practices.

1. Break Down

"Break" is a generalized concept of "make, cause" or "lead an action/event," and cannot stand alone in the phrase thanks to the preposition "down.". What happens when these two words are used together? The phrase "break down" is not just a technical term for a malfunctioning device. It can also pertain to individuals in contact with machines. To "break down" can mean losing control, wherein that control could be that of a device or even yourself.

The preposition "down" also leads the viewer to interpret how the meaning of the phrasal verb works. The term "down" then indicates a malfunctioning aspect: it is rather a failure that has to function and, together with the term, most likely is expected to do so. This is a perfect illustration of how a minor word can totally alter the emphasis of a verb.

2. Turn Up

In shifting loud parties, one hears the phrase, 'turn up' quite frequently. However, people may not realize that the meaning does not wholly relate to the speaker's direct intentions. In its most basic sense, "turn" indicates to change position in a 3D space. It sounds basic, right? But when one adds "up" to the word, the implications change for sure. Well, "turn up" is more than simply going up; it means a rise or emergence.

The word 'up' in English, more often than not, conveys the idea of growth or expectations. To some extent, a sacrifice is also made. Therefore, although the expected end result concerning time appears to be represented as surprising, these events are rather commonplace. The act of combining both parts physically combines their concepts into a sensation that is far more interesting than most of us picture.

3. Give In

"Give" as a verb describes let go of or offering. More often than not by one's command. However, this changes when you add "in;" it then becomes giving up the chase, allowing someone to win. The middle part of "give in" signifies an event when one is forced to surrender. This is not simply giving an object, however; it is more accurately defined as a fight of emotions.

The prefix "in'' makes the phrase more intimate, precisely demonstrating someone who wilfully accepts the fight in vain and the other antagonist wins.

4. Get Over

The verb 'get' by itself means to have, obtain, or achieve something. When used with the preposition 'over' it indicates a traversal of an obstruction or a situation. 'Get over' is more than just getting past a physical barrier, it is also getting past an emotional, mental or even a relational barrier.

To be 'over' something means you are no longer affected by it. Baring the fact that you are 'over' something only refers to one side of the figurative barrier in the metaphorical sense, getting over also indicates the act of leaving something behind, and thus getting over something the process of moving on from anything unpleasant or challenging.

5. Look After

The word 'look' usually signifies that of sight. When used with 'after', it denotes elements of responsibility and care. 'Look after' indicates not only observation but care for somebody or something.

The preposition 'after' displays involvement indicating that there is an active engagement that is going on, and it displays the action of maintenance or care for the relevant object of attention. It showcases responsibility, "after" emphasizes the duty one has, words such as look but in context where one is handed a responsibility that appears to be so simple in nature.

6. Put Off

It is widely accepted that 'put' refers to the action of placing something in a location. The same can not be said for putting something off. Because 'off' can change the entire meaning to imply putting something on hold. Formally, 'put off' is not about placement. It is about postponing something.

In this context, off is nothing but a deflection of the action from the current time. In this case, what is altered is not the attention, but the time or the priority, and it illustrates how simple word combinations can build phrasal verbs in the manipulation of time-related aspects.

7. Run Out Of

'Run' commonly means head or move at speed. However, there is no movement in 'run out of.' Here it simply means resource depletion. It is indicative that something is used up or finished.

Here, 'out of' indicates a state of things at the present moment, the absence of something that was available in the past. This phrasal verb denotes a sense of emptiness or an end of something, which expands the definition of run to include more than just physical exhaustion.

8. Take Over

There is the word 'take', which could be interpreted as to have or keep something in possession. When used with 'over', it carries the notion of assuming responsibility or control. To overpower or to take over is used in reference to taking over the administration's autonomy over tasks, an organization, a group, or another authority.

In this particular case, the usage of "over" shows a transfer of authority from one person to the other. The intransitive verb phrase encompasses action in the context of moving like "take," and leadership or control such as "over," both of which are pertinent to the context of organizational or business settings.

9. Bring Up

"Bring" by itself means to hold or transport something but the phrase "bring up" changes the context to mean the act of bringing forth something in a conversation. Here, the word "up" actually implies something more. This word connotes the intention to promote the subject for discussion.

There is again the imaginative usage of the word "up" as contributing to the elevation of the image being referred to so that it can be examined. In this way, it effuses some amount of depth and notch to the very idea which is being spoken about.

10. Call Off

"Call" can also be used in respect to the act of inviting or naming something. In the combining words "call off," this word assumes a different dimension, that is of stopping or cancellation. Essentially the phrase is used when there is a change of mind regarding the direction of certain plans.

The words "call off" inform us that they do not want to engage in whatever it is they had been planning to expect. The word "off" represents something that was intended or scheduled to occur but has been /will be removed and there will no longer be the activity or event.

11. Hold On

What do you want to say when you use the verb 'hold'? It means to seize or bear or even grip an object in your hands but when used with the word 'on', often denotes the adrenaline filled expectation or a requirement to stick to one place. If someone tells you to persevere, it indicates that one should endure, especially in hardship.

"On" as a preposition in this instance indicates direction and support in action which further strengthens the concept of the urge to endure in time. The meaning of the phrase "hold" in this case goes beyond holding an object, rather it means keeping the object in mind and not giving in.

12. Set Up

When someone uses the word 'set', it implies to place an object in a specific order, but 'set up' compounds this and takes it further by showing the focus of work in coordination and planner of a complex event. It has the implication of some initiation of activity or risk of creation.

In this instance, 'up' goes beyond motion as one would understand, and focuses on creation and suggests that something has been brought to existence. It signifies an acknowledgment of achieving the positions such as entire components of event, object or framework.

Learning phrasal verbs isn't as simple as learning what each of them means. It includes learning how a single new word, a preposition or an adverb, can change and expand the meaning of the verb completely. Every phrasal verb has its own flavor and makes English even more intricate so mastering them could extremely enhance your fluency. If you concentrate on the new meanings given by the word combinations, you will understand their usage better in oral communication.

As an English teacher, I know that any professional who seeks to engage in the world of work must be able to speak English with a business perspective. Whether you are presenting at meetings, communicating via emails, or even making agreement deals, such a type of English can give you a competitive edge in shaping the impression as well as doing your job aptly. In this piece, we will focus on the Business English vocabulary that is usually seen or utilized in professional practice and include phrases and words used in everyday business interactions when socializing in a business environment.

1. Meetings and talks

Meetings and talks events are ubiquitous and form an integral activity for any professional. The following vocabulary will enhance your ability and competence to engage and articulate your thoughts during such events.

• Agenda: A document that contains the items intended for discussion during a meeting.
• Example sentence: Let us look at the agenda before we begin the meeting.
• Minutes: The points or issues that have been put down in writing after a meeting has ended.
• Example sentence: I'd appreciate it if I could receive the minutes of that meeting.
• Consensus: A decision reached by most of the members of the deliberating body.
• Example sentence: After a lengthy debate, we finally arrived at a consensus with regard to the project plan.
• Action items: Those tasks that are supposed to be performed after a meeting.
• Example: Let's allocate the big tasks before we bring the meeting to an end.
• Stakeholders: Such persons or groups as may have an interest in the outcome of the project or decision.
• Example: It's vital to bring all the stakeholders up to date with regard to our activities related to the project.
• Pitch: A presentation or offer, especially one in which the intention is to sell something, especially a product, service, or an idea.
• Example: She gave an excellent pitch for the entire post new marketing strategy.
• Feedback: Remarks or suggestions for change.
• Example: Is it possible to receive feedback about the newest version of the report?
• Follow-up: Action or communication which takes place after a meeting or event in order to check the status of further actions or to clarify some matters which still remain ambiguous.
• Example: I will be sending a follow-up call to this message to reiterate the action that should have been taken next.

2. Negotiation and Sales

Negotiation is inevitable in business, be it in concluding sales or discussing terms. Here's some important vocabulary for sales and negotiations:

• Negotiation: A conversation that aims to reach an agreement with one or more others concerning particular terms.
• Example: We are knew in the last phases of the negotiation with the supplier.
• Contract: An agreement between two or more people in a legal form.
• Example: The contract will be signed as soon as the two parties have reached an agreement with one another as to the terms of the contract.
• Proposal: It is a plan, suggestion in a more structured way which is drawn out and can be accepted or declined.
• Example: It is evident that we have submitted a proposal for the new project.
• Deal: Something that may assist in doing business or any practical transactions and which has been agreed upon in consideration of arguments.
• Example: A deal is made to make sure the company is able to supply raw materials for two years.
• Bargain: To come to terms regarding something's value or provision for it.
• Example: In the purchase of office supplies, we were able to bargain for a lower price.
• Revenue: A source of funds that an enterprise generates at any period or month.
• Example: In this quarter, our company's revenue level raised by 20%.
• Profit margin: The estimated level of percentage between selling price and cost price of that item sold during a certain period of time.
• Example: We have considered the fact that profit margins will be subject to increase in the next financial year.
• Commission: A commission is a payment made to an employee for achieving or making a sale of any required item or service.
• Example: It is known that all sales representatives receive a 5% commission on all deals they close.

3. Financial Terms

Understanding financial terms is something important and critical in the life of any worker, in particular, when there is discussion on the budget, costs and results of the company.

• Budget: A scheme which shows the plan of spending funds on a certain activity or activities over a time scale.
• Example: In other investors' eyes the developed country's budget can become appealing due to certain risk factors.
• Expenditure: The monetary value of inputs into production processes used by a company.
• Example: The company's annual expenditure on labor costs is approximately this amount of money.
• Profit: The financial benefit that is derived from the sales of goods, subtracting all the costs incurred in producing and selling them.
• Example: The company's product was able to make a large profit in the last financial year as sales were boosted by new marketing strategies.
• Loss: A negative financial return; an amount of money which has increased expenses while revenue generation has been low.
• Example: We need to examine the factors contributing to the loss for this quarter.
• Investment: The monetary resources supplied to a firm for operation and anticipates returns wellbeing for a certain period.
• Example: New investments are needed so as to boost growth for our new ventures.
• Return on Investment (ROI): An accounting measure developed in order to help in evaluation of investment endeavors in a firm.
• Example: This project witnessed a higher than anticipated ROI.
• Assets: Economic resources or properties owned by an organization that are of use in running the business.
• Example: Some of the company's assets are land, machinery and cash in banks.
• Liabilities: Financial claims over the assets owned by a business firm and these can include loans taken.
• Example: For this company to be in a strong state, our liabilities have to be reduced.

4. Communication and Correspondence

Communication is one of the most important activities in the business world. Having knowledge of the right vocabulary during writing and other verbal activities means you will be able to communicate your thoughts in an accurate and presentable manner.

• Memo: A memo is a short and direct message used for internal communication in an organization.
• Example: Let me send a memo to all of the departments in respect to the changes in the policies.
• Proposal: A proposal is any offer or suggestion, usually in writing, that tries to solve a problem or initiate action for a particular project.
• Example: I put forth the proposal for the advertisement of the new marketing campaign.
• Inquiry: An inquiry is an act of questioning or a request to an individual for facts or information.
• Example: They made an inquiry as to whether our product is available for other regions.
• Confirmation: A confirmation can be that of an action or a statement that shows validation for a claim made.
• Example: I need proper confirmation on the time for the meeting so as to send the invitations.
• Attachment: An attachment is a document that is usually added or enclosed in an email message.
• Example: I have sent you the recent report as an attachment for you to read through.
• Clarification: A clarification is an interpretation that makes a statement or other concept easier to understand or comprehend.
• Example: What are the reasons for the budget numbers posted in the report to be raised?
• Enclosure: An article of writing and its accompanying items with letters.
• Example: Kindly find attached contract with this e-mail.
• Correspondence: Any written communication, especially letters and emails.
• Example: There has been a very formal correspondence between the two establishments.

5. Teamwork and Leadership

No business activity is performed alone. Below are key terms associated with working together with other people, managing other people, and leading other people.

• Collaboration: Working interchangeably with others to resolve a conflict or achieve a common target.
• Example: Collaboration across different departments is necessary for the success of the project.
• Delegate: To authorize another person to perform a particular task or duty.
• Example: As a manager, it is appropriate for you to delegate responsibilities among the members of your team.
• Teamwork: The work done by a group or team in aiming for a certain common goal.
• Example: The ability for teamwork is important especially since we are working to meet specific project deadlines.
• Leadership: This is the process of influencing a person or a group of people to achieve their goals.
• Example: Proper leadership helps in generating a strong team spirit towards the team's goals.
• Responsibility: When a person undertakes certain tasks or makes a decision, this person will be held responsible for it.
• Example: You are in charge of seeing to it that the report in question is done and submitted on time.
• Motivate: To give thanks and encouragement to someone, to take action.
• Example: An efficient leader always knows how to motivate the people working together in a team.
• Collaboration: Working alongside other people towards achieving a common purpose.
• Example: This campaign requires collaboration from the two teams, marketing and sales.
• Deadline: The last of all dates available for carrying out a particular assignment.
• Example: The deadline for receipt of the proposal shall be on Friday.

6. Professional Development

It seems almost impossible nowadays to find a professional in this day and age and not be ambitious and strive for more. The following is some vocabulary that is associated with a career in business and the drive for self-improvement.

• Training: The act of teaching or learning skills generally desired to make an employable person for that particular job.
• Example: New hires receive training in company policies as well as procedures.
• Skill set: One's group of abilities and talents needed to perform a particular task.
• Example: She qualifies among those with a great skill set in analytical data and management of projects.
• Mentor: One who is in a higher position and guides / advises somebody with a lower rank.
• Example: My mentor helped me out in sharpening my executive qualities.
• Networking: To strategically seek and build relationships that complement your profession.
• Example: It is essential to attend conferences to meet new specialists and other people working in the same field.
• Movement: A change to a higher position in the hierarchy of the organization which is accompanied with more duties and obligations.
• Example: I was promoted to team leader after three years of working in the company.

As a perspective getting instruction from an English teacher, I must acknowledge that going to a different country has a lot of exciting features, but it can be daunting as well, especially if you are still in the process of learning a language. Knowing the right words and phrases can enhance your travel experience. This article will focus on vocabulary related to travel that a beginner English student must learn. These words will assist you in every major area during your trip such as different airports, hotels, restaurants etc.

1. At the Airport

Airports can be a little disorienting at times especially in a place where you do not know the language. Here are some terms that you will come across when you are looking for any flight as well as when you are at the airport waiting for your flight.

• Ticket: This is the document you obtain and pay for before you are allowed to board the aircraft.
• Example: How can I do a ticket check on the internet?
• Boarding pass: You will receive this document which can be either in paper or electronic form in order to get access to the plane.
• Example: Remember to keep the boarding pass either saved to your mobile or take a hard copy.
• Gate: This is the waiting area for the passengers before they board the aircraft.
• Example: At 3 p.m. we will be departing gate 12.
• Departures: The term used to refer to the part of the airport in which aeroplanes take off.
• Example: Visit the departures terminal when it is time for your flight.
• Arrivals: The zone in an airport which is designated for incoming flights and other passengers moving out of the aircraft.
• Example: When your flight enters arrivals I will be there to meet you.
• Baggage/Luggage: Refers to any packed items in trunks bags or cases that go on one's person.
• Example: Is there a place I can retrieve my baggage after I have landed?
• Cabin luggage: A small sized bag that sometimes may be carried onto the airplane.
• Example: Would this bag class as cabin luggage because of its size?
• Aircraft Security area: This area is for passengers and their bags and confiscates them for safety.
• Example: Before coming through the security check, please take off your shoes and jacket.

2. In the Arena of the Plane

A few words will come in handy so as to enhance your experience of the flight.

• Aisle: The passage and seating area of the plane cabin.
• Example: I would love to sit in one of the aisle seats as that even allows some legroom.
• Window seat: This is the seat that is indentured and is attached very closely to the opening where one can view the outside from the airplane.
• Example: Can I please sit by the window when the seat arrangements are being done?
• Seatbelt: A strap that is intended to be worn during take off, landing and when turbulence kicks in.
• Example: Kindly ensure that your seatbelt is fastened whenever the seatbelt sign is illuminated.
• Flight attendant: The flight staff responsible for passenger assistance in the aircraft.
• Example: She was served a glass of water by the flight attendant.
• Overhead compartment: This is an area located above the seat where you can put your bags for storage.
• Example: Place your hand luggage into the overhead compartment.

3. Arriving at the Hotel

Upon reaching your final destination, there will be certain hotel terms when checked in and when inquiring for services that will come in handy.

• Reservation: An engagement to use a facility such as a room or service in advance.
• Example: I would like to check in, I've made a reservation for two nights under the name Smith.
• Check-in: The stage when a guest arrives and presents their registration form and is given a room key card.
• Example: Until what time can guests check in at this particular hotel?
• Check-out: The final time when a guest departs the establishment and finalizes the payment for services.
• Example: Please note that checkout should be completed by 1100 hours.
• Room service: This is a type of service that allows requesting food or other related items to be delivered to one's room.
• Example: This morning, I called room services and ordered breakfast.
• Housekeeping: Those responsible for cleaning and organizing the room provided to the guest.
• Example: Cleaning staff have replaced the towels in the room with new ones.
• Key card: It is a card which is electronic and is meant for opening the door of a hotel room.
• Example: You will need your key card to be able to access the gym as well.
• Lobby: The area in a hotel where the reception desk is located.
• Example: Let's meet inside the hotel lobby at 7 pm.

4. In Restaurants And Cafes

These phrases will assist you in ordering food or speaking in the order in which you find it necessary when you are in a restaurant setting, whether it is fast casual or formal sit down.

• Menu: The implied term is that it is a sheet listing all the meals and drinks that the restaurant sells.
• Example: Would I be able to take a look at the menu, please?
• Order: This means to request for food or drinks.
• Example: I would like to order a salad but the salad dressing separated.
• Bill/Check: It is the document that bears the figures indicating the total amount of money to be paid for a meal.
• Example: Would you be able to please bring us the check?
• Tip: The additional money paid to a waiter for excellent service is usually a percentage of the billed amount.
• Example: There is nothing wrong when leaving a tip if you are satisfied with the service.
• Reservation: This can mean that one has set aside a table at a hotel or restaurant for use at a designated occasion in the future.
• Example: Are reservations required for us to have dinner this evening?
• Takeaway/To go: An order that you place to have your food packed and carried out from a restaurant.
• Example: I would like to get this sandwich to go, please.

5. Asking for Directions

Whenever you are in an unfamiliar place you should learn how to communicate and how to make sense of directions. Useful phrases include the following:

• Direction: Toward the desired location, precisely the point of which is needed.
• Example: Can you show me directions to the train station?
• Map: An art of geographic navigation, which incorporates streets, avenues, landmarks, and other significant points.
• Example: Is there a map of this city I could borrow for the time being?
• Near/Far: Terms of proximity which attract important references as in places or even individual persons.
• Example: Do you know whether the museum is near here or is it far off?
• Turn left/tune right: Indicating the direction to be turned while moving from one place to another.
• Example: The next street is on your right and the café is at the end.
• Intersection: The conjunction of two or more streets at any one point.
• Example: At the traffic lights intersection turn right.
• Straight ahead: To maintain the previous course and continue going without pretty turning.
• Example: The lady at the supermarket said the post office would be straight ahead for five hundred meters.

6. Public Transportation

It is apparent that the use of public transport is becoming more popular, particularly in metropolitan areas. Below are important words to help you understand and use public transport systems.

• Bus stop: A place designated for buses to pick up or drop off passengers.
• Example: Can you tell me if there is a bus stop close to the hotel?
• Train station: A place where trains go in and come out of.
• Example: We have to go to the main train station if we want to board the train to Paris.
• Ticket: A form of pass or receipt that enables one to use the services of public transport.
• Example: Do you know where I can get a ticket for the subway?
• Platform: This is the region where a person looks forward to get on a train.
• Example: The London bound train will leave from platform number 3.
• Taxi: A car that you hire in order for it to take you to a certain point.
• Example: We called a taxi to take us from the airport to the hotel.
• Route: This is a track, way, or direction that a bus, train, or taxi uses to get to a particular point.
• Example: What is the quickest route to the museum, if this is the place I'm starting from?

7. Emergencies

Emergencies are almost inevitable in some instances and if one arises while you're on your travels, it helps to know how to say what has happened to you.

• Emergency: A dire or unforeseen situation that calls for immediate action.
• Example: If there's an emergency, do not hesitate and call 911.
• Police: The law enforcement officers who assist with the order and security in society.
• Example: Report the theft at the police station close to the hotel.
• Ambulance: In case of a medical emergency, it conveys people to the hospital.
• Example: An ambulance reached the place of accident within a short time.
• Hospital: A health institution that provides patients with treatment as well as care.
• Example: Those that sense that they are severely ill should proceed to the hospital.
• Pharmacy: A place where medicines can be purchased.
• Example: I have to go to the pharmacy to buy a few tablets for the headache.

There are students with whom I have parted ways and who made it so far with their studies yet it is the idioms and their expressions that seem to remain the most complex thing in English for them to learn. Idioms are phrases, expressions or combinations of words in English that have a meaning which is not easily understood by simply looking at the component parts of the phrase. These phrases come as a heritage, a gift that has been opened, once a key is found in the form of frequent conversations within the language. Learning these idioms will make you sound as if you have been residing in a foreign country for a long time, will help you in comprehending the native speakers and most importantly, will enrich and intensify the beauty of any language.

We will now turn our attention to the two or three idioms as well as the phrase itself, which differ quite distinctly in these two or three idiomatic expressions from what is presented in the English language. I would also like to discuss their role and usage, so that every one of you can use them.

1. Break the Ice

The expression "break the ice" means to do something to relieve the tension and make people feel more comfortable in a social setting, especially when people are meeting for the first time.

• Example: At the beginning of meeting John, he always recounts an amusing anecdote for the audiences first. And this has been working, disrupting the ice at this point.

This is an idiom that is often used when there are a great number of people who would rather say nothing out of shyness, or in instances where the atmosphere is tensed, then somebody does a task that is meant to warm up things a bit so as to make everyone else comfortably relaxed.

2. A Piece of Cake

Whenever someone describes something as "a piece of cake," they mean it is very simple. It is often used regarding work or some other activity that seems to take little effort on the part of the doer.

• Example: The maths test was a piece of cake for me. I had studied so much for it.

The functional language in this idiom evokes the picture of a cake which is pleasurable and simple to eat so as to mean that the task is basic and direct to the point.

3. Under the Weather

An individual who describes himself as "under the weather" is not feeling well usually in terms of minor illness or fatigue.

• Example: I will not be attending work today. I am a little under the weather.

This phrase does not imply that someone is feeling bad because of the prevailing weather condition. It suggests that a person has some ailment and is not feeling well.

4. Hit the Nail on the Head

To 'hit the nail on the head' is to say or do something which is precisely appropriate, usually when responding to a question or addressing a problem.

• Example: When Sarah pointed out that the company had to improve its service to customers, she really hit the nail on the head.

This idiom began with someone hammering a wood and the focus was on the best way to hit the nail. That is where this phrase 'hit the nail on the head' stems from.

5. Cost an Arm and a Leg

The idea that something "costs an arm and a leg" implies that it is extremely costly. This idiom is said more in jest when a very high price is quoted.

• Example: The latest model of iPhone costs an arm and a leg! Currently, I cannot afford it.

It illustrates the price in such a way that if a person wishes to purchase it, he will be prepared to part with something as valuable as his arm or leg.

6. Let the Cat Out of the Bag

If someone "lets the cat out of the bag" he or she has been careless enough to give away secrets that were to be kept hidden or something that was confidential.

• Example: For me to throw a surprise party for Jane was my intention, however Mike let the cat out of the bag and informed Jane.

This idiom brings to mind images of bazaars of old when animals were sold still tightly bagged and an overseer would always be at risk of letting a cat out of a bag which usually implied an unpleasant surprise.

7. Once in a Blue Moon

"Once in a blue moon" The phrase is pronounced as a Pin-level English phrase that describes something that occurs very infrequently. Blue moons are attained when there are two full moons in a single month.

He was ecstatic after his victory and later expressed his excitement in a powerful manner saying, there is the ball in your courtшеal. When someone says, "the ball is in your court," then it is the viewpoint holder that arises with the next action or the charge.

This term frequently appears in commercial and interpersonal communication when one person has performed his/her duties and remains expectant for the other to move ahead.

I have done everything possible, he said. This expression is frequent when somebody involuntarily lets something that needs not be publicly done. To expose confidential information about a planned operation that was the intent of the action, what would American Informers say. Here are more phrases.

10. Bite Off More Than You Can Chew

"Bite off more than you can chew" means to take on a task, responsibility, etc., that is too difficult for you or more than you can do.

• Example: For me, meeting tomorrow's deadline for both projects was a possibility till I thought that I had bitten off more than I could chew.

This phrase is from the idea of having too big a chunk of food in one's mouth which cannot be chewed because you have taken on more than you can manage.

11. Hit the Sack

"Hit the sack" is an informal term meaning "go to sleep" or "go to bed".

• Example: I am quite exhausted. So, I guess I will hit the sack early today.

The expression probably comes from the ancient custom of lying on straw-filled mattresses or bundles of hay, which is a polite way to say that one is going to sleep.

12. Burn the Midnight Oil

To burn the midnight oil means to go to bed very late in the night, which is of little comfort to those who, for a variety of reasons, must remain awake and work or study.

• Example: I had to burn the midnight oil last night as it was the only way to complete the work.

This phrase comes from times when oil lamps were in common use, allowing people to work late into the night, which has now come to mean staying up late in order to work on several things.

13. Let Sleeping Dogs Lie

This expression is used in reference to a situation where the wise thing to do is avoid mentioning something or bringing it up because it will only create trouble.

• Example: I know we disagreed last week, but I think we should let sleeping dogs lie and not talk about it again.

The idiom is also useful in case of issues that need to be left alone since messing with them can result in disappointment.

14. A Blessing in Disguise

This term applies to any scenario that is apparently negative one time but has a positive outlook to it in the future.

• Example: Losing that job was a blessing in disguise because it gave me the opportunity to start my own business.

This idiom simply expresses that a negative occurrence could sometimes lead to positive consequences that would have been otherwise unexpected.

15. Pull Someone's Leg

"Pull someone's leg" means to playfully tease someone with the intention of simply having fun.

• Example: You didn't really win the lottery, did you? You're just pulling my leg!

This expression is frequently employed to communicate that a person is telling an untruth for the sake of entertainment, and to see how the other responds.

16. Until Pigs Fly

This idiom means that something is never going to take place.

• Example: You can be sure that I'll take your word when pigs fly!

Since Pigs flies, such an idiom is used to emphasize the improbability of the situation.

17. Raining Cats and Dogs

This idiom when it's said that "It's been raining cats and dogs," it is taken to mean that it is raining heavily.

• Example: The outing was called off due to the heavy rains; it was raining cats and dogs.

The unleashing of cats and dogs has been an idiom when people are not exactly aware of its origin but when heavy showers storm, it is expected.

18. Beat About the Bush

Beating about the bush means there are certain phrases people use in times when they want to imply without directly saying for some reason, they are unable to be direct.

• Example: Quit beating around the bush; what is it that took place?

Beating around the bush is a hunting term; it was used for driving areas of the bush with sticks to flush game, which means from there a point is driven home and nothing is beating around the bush.

Continuing with your English language development, one of the key components when improving both your vocabulary and other language skills is the notion of synonyms and antonyms. Synonym is a word that has the same meaning as another word, while an antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning. The mastery of such will enable you to enrich your vocabulary, help you to express yourself better, and comprehend the complexities of the English language in a more effective manner.

In this paper, we will look at the definition and the significance of synonyms and antonyms and demonstrate their application within the context of everyday conversations and writing.

What Are Synonyms?

Let us first define a synonym: synonyms are words with similar meanings. The usage of synonyms can reinforce and make language more creative. Doing so would eliminate the restriction of having to use a single term for an idea. It also enables people to explain concepts with more intricacy, which may otherwise go unexpressed.

So for instance, let us consider the word happy. There are many substitutes for this word which can have slight variations in their meaning:

• Happy: characterised by the presence of an interest and enthusiasm or active pleasure.
• Synonyms: enlivened, cheerful, taciturn, blithe, ecstatic.

Although all these words express some form of happiness, it is worthwhile to note that they are used in completely different contexts and situations. For instance:

• Joyful carries the connotation of a more permanent kind of happiness, one that is profound in nature.
• Cheerful describes a person who gives off warm and positive vibes.
• Content is a more serene, quiet, peaceful form of happiness.

Common Synonyms

Some other words and phrases and their synonyms commonly used are listed below. Is there any significant difference in what is being expressed in the sentences once the words are combined?

1. Big: Large, huge, enormous, massive, gigantic.
2. Example: The elephant is big → The elephant is huge.
3. Fast: Quick, speedy, rapid, swift, brisk.
4. Example: The car is fast → The car is speedy.
5. Good: Excellent, great, fine, wonderful, superb.
6. Example: She did a good job → She did a superb job.
7. Important: Significant, crucial, essential, vital, key.
8. Example: This meeting is important → This meeting is significant.
9. Smart: Intelligent, clever, bright, sharp, brilliant.
10. Example: He is a smart student → He is an intelligent student.

Employing synonyms not only enhances the beauty of what you have written but also enhances the impression others have of you especially in terms of how well you have mastered the English language.

What Are Antonyms?

Antonyms are words that express opposite concepts or ideas. Knowing antonyms and using them in speech and writing can be quite productive because it allows you to emphasise contrast. When the use of polar ideas is required, or when two things can be compared regardless of context, antonyms can be useful.

Take, for example, the word hot. Its antonyms would be:

• Cold: A lower temperature than hot.

Some more antonyms are given below:

• Fast ↔ Slow: Different ends in terms of speed.
• Big ↔ Small: Ways in which something may be described as differing in size.
• Easy ↔ Difficult: Different levels in the difficulty of something.

Last but not least, antonyms can also be applied in many situations where contrasting ideas must be expressed in order to provide a more rounded picture of a situation. In this part, some more examples of some words and their antonyms are presented.

Common Antonyms

Let us look at a few basic words and their antonyms in common use:

1. Hard ↔ Soft
2. Example: A soft pillow and a hard chair.
3. Old ↔ New
4. Example: I like old movies, while my friend loves new ones.
5. Expensive ↔ Cheap
6. Example: An expensive dress, but cheap shoes.
7. Hot ↔ Cold
8. Example: She likes cold juice, while I prefer hot tea.
9. Happy ↔ Sad
10. Example: He was happy yesterday but today he appears to be sad.
11. Early ↔ Late
12. Example: I came early but the rest came in late.

Antonyms make it easier for the writer or the speaker for his or her audience to understand the message by indicating relationships of opposition between people, objects, ideas, occurrences or other entities.

The Use of Synonyms and Antonyms in Sentences

Here, we understand using synonyms and antonyms, how these two will help us in getting or expressing ourselves.

Synonym Example:

• Original: The cake is good.
• Synonym: The cake is wonderful.

Mainly, these two sentences are similar in content but the second one makes the point more memorable. Why, because there is one point of making more praise.

Antonym Example:

• Original: the weather is cold.
• Antonym: the weather is hot.

These two sentences give completely opposite meanings and views. Antonyms are usually associated with contrasting circumstances.

Ways to Locate Synonyms and Antonyms

Learning English comes with a lot of benefits. There, however, exist challenges such as how to locate synonyms and antonyms for words. Here are some of the ways you can utilize in locating antonyms and synonyms in English:

1. Use a Thesaurus: It is a book or software that displays reverberations of many words of different meanings and languages in the English language.
2. Practice Reading: Reading enables the learner to come across various ways of wording an idea for example like reading books and articles.
3. Word Lists: Common antonyms and synonyms are often published on various language learning sites.
4. Contextual Exercises: Rather than learning words in isolation, such as 'dog' on its own, one should learn words within phrases or sentences, such as 'Bag a dog', 'Carry a dog'.

Practising Synonyms and Antonyms

Eventually, you've learned new synonyms and antonyms; it's only right to say that you should make use of these synonyms and antonyms in your speech or even in writing. Below are pointers to integrating the two different concepts:

1. Building Constructs: Construct and write sentences using the new synonyms and antonyms you have been taught.
2. Matching Games: Jot down several words and try to recognize them among the synonyms or antonyms from the group.
3. Didactic Practice: Select a new synonym and a new antonym and integrate each one into conversation or writing every day.
4. Word Replacement in Context: For example, read or construct sentences that contain the word but try to change one of the words into its synonym or antonym depending on its usage in the sentence.

Through the expansion and use of their knowledge of synonyms and antonyms, one is able to add variety in their written and spoken English. Such skills not only extend the user's vocabulary but also enhance their ability to illuminate even the slightest of ideas.

In the English language, it is quite common for a word to have more than one definition according to how the word is used in a particular setting. This can, however, be slightly challenging when speaking the language for the first time. It is important to learn all the meanings of a term since a context usually nullifies a person's assumption about a word. This text aims to present a number of commonly used English words that have more than one meaning and illustrate how those words can be used differently in different situations.

1. Bank

When explaining the notion of "to bank", one of the common possibilities is the following:

• Bank (danger): prison or detention.
• Example: it is several months now since I am confined in the bank.
• Not surprisingly, sustaining control of a castle like Oxfordover requires enormous resources.

2. Book

It is quite important to note that within the context of learning a new language, there are words that possess several meanings. Each separate signification is dictated by the context in which the word has been used. For example, a word "book" – politicians from all around the world tend to use this word slightly differently.

• Displaying: I've just done reading a wonderful work.
• Booking (verb, to reserve): To reserve or arrange a seat or a room in advance.
• Example: I have to book a room in a hotel for the holiday that I plan to take.

In this case, the nominal form is associated with a text which one has to read, whereas the verbal form signifies to make a booking.

3. Light

The term 'light' is a bit complex with different meanings and applications in the context:

• Light (noun, brightness): The agent that causes the perception of an object or an entity.
• Example: The sunlight lit the whole room.
• Light (adjective, not heavy): Indicate something that has low weight.
• Example: The box is quite light, so I can lift it on my own.
• Light (adjective, not serious): Something is not heavy content wise or in the regard of tone.
• Example: Our discussion at the table was rather light over dinner.

For instances, you can say that light means brightness, whilst converses, weight and gist of a conversation.

4. Right

'Right" is so broad with definition ranging from that of or to do with defining something as a correct person to a physical direction:

• Right (correct): Used to describe something that is true or correct.
• Example: You answered the question right.
• Right (direction): The opposite of left is right.
• Example: At the traffic lights, make a right turn.
• Right (entitlement): Something, which the law or morality contains, to be done or to possess something.
• Example: Everyone has the right to free speech.

In this scenario, the term "right" may refer to something being appropriate or correct, a directional movement or an entitlement within legal constraints.

5. Play

"Play" is a broad word that encompasses many kinds of activities and performances that may be enjoyed by viewers and participants alike:

• Play (verb) (activity): To perform or take part in an activity usually for pleasure, particularly sports or games.
• Example: The children are playing in the park.
• Play (noun) (performance): A theatrical performance, especially in a form of a serious storyline.
• Example: We are going over to watch a play by Shakespeare yesterday.
• Play (verb; operate): To move or handle something which produces sound, such as an instrument or machinery.
• Example: Can you play the piano?

In this case, play can imply engaging in an activity, enjoying the show or performance or even dealing with an instrument.

6. Run

"Run" is another word that is highly diverse and can refer to something as basic as walking quickly or as complex as accomplishing a functional task:

• Run (verb) (physical activity): To move at a pace faster than a walk, where both feet are off the ground.
• Example: I run every morning for exercise.
• Run (verb) (operative): To direct or control an operation, for example a company or a device.
• Example: In the area, he has opened a bakery.
• Run (noun; continuous sequence): A path or course that is taken.
• Example reconstructing: The movie experienced a great run in the cinemas.

However, in very broad terms, a 'run' can be a sequence, an action that is physical, or action that is managerial, this, verb can be active in nature on its own.

7. Break

'Break' is a word that incorporates multiple meanings covering aspects of separation to cessation:

• Break (verb; to divide): To cause an entity to no longer be in one piece or to become injured.
• Example: Be cautious not to break the glass.
• Break (noun, suspension): A brief amount of time utilised to relax from any task.
• Example: How about taking a 10-minute break from work.
• Break (verb; to breach): To flout an established norm or consensus.
• Example: John got a ticket because he broke the speed limit.

Often in connecting contexts, this term can connotate the notion of withdrawing or more commonly even overstepping a control bound.

8. Can

The use of 'can', this can also express possibility in addition to being practical in application:

• Can (verb; competence): Is considered to demonstrate a potentiality or possibility of an action.
• Example: I can speak three languages.
• Can (noun, receptacle): Refers to a container constructed out of or mostly of metal for liquids or solid items.
• Example: For lunch, he had a soda in a can.

In this case, the word "can" can either be the ability to do something or a term used for an object that is used for storage purposes.

9. Watch

"Watch" is of two meanings, the first is visual observation, the second is a time measuring device.

• Watch (verb, to observe): Special attention is given to someone or something.
• Example: We should watch a movie tonight.
• Watch (noun, a small time measuring device): A time monetary device that is usually worn on the wrist.
• Example: I recently purchased a watch for my brother.

The verb form deals with the action of seeing an object, and the noun form refers to a device for telling time.

10. Point

The word 'Point' is a versatile term , as it can be either used as a noun or a verb and still have varying definitions:

• Point (noun, a detail or argument): It can refer to an issue, argument or a case.
• Example: Nicely made points during the meeting.
• Point (verb, to direct attention): It's used to give directions or to pay attention to someone or something.
• Example: She pointed out the building across the street.
• Point (noun, location or position): A place or area in space that is usually defined by its coordinates.
• Example: The race's beginning point is in the park.

The term 'Point' can relate to a concept, indicating something, or a position.

11. Very Enlightened:

Emphasis can be put in light or in terms of a person's intelligence:

• Emphasis (adjective, a person's intelligence): praiseworthy or brainy as in possessing insight or sagacity.
• Example: She is a bright student and always gets high grades.
• Bright (adjective, full of light): Possessing a lot of light and giving it off or sometimes reflecting it.
• Example: The room is very bright with all the windows.

There are mountain peaks of people, there are people who can attain the highest height through their brains or level - light.

12. Quite General:

"Fair" can describe both justice and beauty:

• Fair (adjective, Justified or neutral): Accepting equal condition and just in relation to people.
• Example: The judge made a fair decision.
• Fair (adjective, AJHA colour): When light skin or hair is possessed.
• Example: She possesses fair skin and blue eyes.

It can mean both, equality among people or in terms of body complexion.

13. Certain Period:

In addition to the time of the year, the word 'season' can also encompass the act of flavouring a dish.

• Season (noun, time of year): a period of the year that can be determined by weather or climatic conditions.
• Example: Spring is my favourite season.
• Season (verb inf, to season): The act of integrating spices, herbs etc to other forms of food or stuff.
• Example: The soup must be garnished with salt and pepper before serving.

"She is talking about the different seasons of the year or how to cook a dish properly."

Such examples demonstrate the relationships between the meanings of a word and its usage. While doing so, be vigilant about how those words are used in practice and they will expand your vocabulary and language competence in general.

English teachers have a different aspect of the students' learning condition that is to devise ways of from assisting students in completing grammar aspects to improving the students' vocabulary. The role of having a good vocabulary cannot be overlooked especially for students like you who are in the process of acquiring the language. It enhances your speaking, reading, writing as well as listening proficiency. In this article, we will focus on a few important strategies to help you expand your vocabulary over a period of time.

1. Make Reading an Everyday Habit

There are few things more effective in increasing one's vocabulary than constant reading and that is the suggestion to my students as well. Reading helps in learning different words because it gives them the opportunity to understand correct word usage in sentences and their respective meanings. I can share the advice that while reading, one needs to:

• When you notice a word that is unfamiliar to you, take the time to underline it or to highlight the word and then follow it up with consulting a dictionary. Do your best to figure out what the novel word means through the context then use the dictionary to confirm your understanding.

Also, reading a combination of fictional works and real-life accounts enhances your writing style as well as your vocabulary. For instance, reading the dailies could equip you with formal languages, while reading novels could equip you with casual conversations.

2. Start a Vocabulary Journal

As the name suggests, a vocabulary journal refers to a personal book where you can record new words, and phrases learned in class or even during leisure activities. A word is always a good way of cementing what you already know, while going through them from time to time will prevent you from learning them afresh. Below are some recommendations on how to use your vocabulary journal in a better manner:

• Use your vocabulary journal to record any new words as well as their corresponding meanings and some sentences to explain those words in context.

• Make a point of adding part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) to appreciate where the word sits in the sentence.

• For better awareness of the words, add other associated words that have the same meaning or antonyms to the words that you are recording.

• It's good to frequently browse the vocabulary journal on a daily or even weekly basis to jog one's memory.

• For a more active approach to understanding the words, try and integrate some of the new words in sentences of your own or when talking to somebody.

When you develop a practice of noting and revisiting new words, your knowledge of vocabulary will progressively widen and become richer.

3. Learn Words In Context

Understanding the meanings of words involves knowing how certain terms or phrases are used on a day-to-day basis. Attempting to memorize scores' worth of words in a void is a futile endeavor. Rather, make it a point to learn the language in phrases or paragraphs. Context aids in:

• A word's understanding based on its meaning in relation to its context.

• Explaining how the word works with other words.

• It is easier to learn a new word because you are applying it within a sentence or a phrase, not simply memorizing it.

For example, the term "bright" has completely different meanings in the sentences, "She's a bright student" and "the sun is very bright today." In the first example, it means the child has a very good intellectual capacity and in the second one, it means there is a lot of light.

Knowing the contexts of such words will also give you a clearer picture of some idioms and phrases in English that are inconstant yet frequently appear in English-speaking contexts.

4. Integrating Newly Learnt Words into Day to Day Usage

Using the word in a conversation is one of the best methods to remember that the word has been learnt. When you say a word, you are interacting with that word, therefore, it is likely to stick in your mind. Here are some methods of embedding new words into your everyday vocabulary:

• Make it a point to use at least one or two new words in most of your conversations every day.

• When trying to use a new word for the first time, go ahead and use it in a few straight forward sentences to a friend or a language partner.

• Take risks and experiment even if it means making a mistake. Learning is a process, and making mistakes and correcting oneself or having others correct you is part of that process.

• Practice speaking by joining English clubs, participating in discussions or even practicing online in forums.

Using newly acquired vocabulary in conversation practice helps to enhance the memory of new vocabulary and in turn, increases your willingness to speak English confidently.

5. Precede & Succeed

English has an amazing number of words which are built upon using roots, prefixes or suffixes. For the most part it is possible to figure out the meaning of such words, which one has never seen, if one knows a few common prefixes and suffixes. For instance:

• The meaning of the word "unhappy" can be easily understood - as the prefix 'un' means 'not', similarly 'redo' and 'preview' may be interpreted easily as well.

• Words like "manageable" may be understood as 'able to be managed,' and 'happiness' or even the word 'quickly' may also be formed through suffixes like, –able, -ness and –ly.

Similarly, knowledge of word parts would benefit you as well when faced with more compound or complex words later on, once again in context of reading as well as written academic material.

6. Use Flashcards

Flashcards are a refurbished way to learn new words in a given language. They are quite simple to use, most studies suggest that they can easily be made portable, and it's been known to help in quick revision. To use them effectively, it is best to follow these few rules:

• The word itself should go on one side of the card.

• On the other side, write down the meaning of the word, a sentence that uses the word, and mention whether it's an adverb or verb, and so forth.

• Have your flashcards with you so that you can memorize them in your spare time, like commuting by bus, standing in a queue, or having a break.

• Use online tools or applications such as Anki or Quizlet, which assist you in designing virtual flashcards, and review them through spaced repetition techniques.

Flashcards are particularly helpful during review sessions, especially in learning new vocabulary for tests or quizzes.

7. Play Word Games

Who said learning vocabulary must be a serious and dreary task—this is an activity that can be made enjoyable as well! Wordgames are a great way to play with new words without the pressure of the classroom environment. Some of these types of games include:

• Scrabble. This is an interactive board game that allows players to count words created on a grid.

• Crossword puzzles. Today these can be found in newspapers or online and consist of entering words based on given hints.

• Word Search. These are puzzles that allow words hidden in squares that are formed by letters to be determined.

• Hangman. This is a lot of game where letters are chosen in an attempt to determine a word before making too many mistakes.

By involving yourself in such games, you can expand your vocabulary without necessarily going through 'studying'. These games also enhance spelling ability and memory for words.

8. Watch Films and Programe in English

It is highly recommendable to watch movies, notedies, and English documentaries as doing so will enable you to learn new words whenever you focus on the dialogue. In so doing, when you hear words, it will not only expand your vocabulary but also sharpen listening skills. To make optimum use of this:

• Watch programs that captivate you and are appropriate for your english level.

• English subtitles should be turned on so that you hear the words and see them too.

• Any new words or expressions you hear can be noted down and looked for later.

• When you hear a sentence, try to say it along with the person in order to improve your vocabulary usage and pronunciation.

Every day conversations of movies and TV shows can assist you in acquiring useful phrases and expressions.

9. Use Of Mnemonics

A mnemonic is a memory enhancement device which associates something you perceive to a new found word. A mnemonic devises can be a word, a statement, or a photograph that links the world to its definition. Like in the case of:

• For the word 'bizarre' which is 'strange,' think of a bazaar meaning a marketplace which is eccentric.

• In the dance of the buns – A lot of gana (buns) – is a good way to remember the word abundant, which means plentiful.

One of the most practical techniques for improving one's vocabulary could be mnemonics.

I want to teach my English students about basic vocabulary since it is the foundation for better language skills. You will be able to understand more and speak better by learning the common words in English. So, in the following sections, we will examine one hundred most used English words, their meanings and how do we use them in sentences.

To make sure that you better grasp, let us put these words into steps.

1. Pronouns (9 Words)

These are words which stand in for nouns in order to avoid repeating the same thing over and over in a sentence.

• I – Use it when speaking about oneself.
• E.g.: I am going to the store.
• You – For the person you are addressing.
• E.g. Are you coming to the party?
• He – For a male person.
• E.g. He is my brother.
• She – For a female person.
• E.g. She loves ice cream.
• It – for an object or an animal.
• E.g. It is raining outside.
• We – for the person speaking and a number of people with him.
• E.g. We are going on vacation.
• They – refers to a number of people or objects.
• E.g. They are playing football.
• Me – When talking oneself, me is the pronoun used as an object in a sentence.
• Example: May I take the book from you?
• Them – Refers to the people who are the object of a sentence and is also plural.
• Example: The keys were gave to them by me.

2. Articles (3 words)

Ãnderword guidelines in defense of nouns that are grammatically ambiguous.

• A – A is used before singular noun that is non specific.
• Example:a bird in the bush.
• An – An is used for singular noun beginning with a vowel sound.
• Example: An artist.
• The – The is used for specific nouns which may be singular or plural.
• Example: The car is parked outside.

3. Verbs (10 words)

Verbs are referred to as doing or action words; in short what someone or something is doing.

• Be – Show the condition and state of being or existing.
• Example: she will be present there tomorrow.
• Have – show ownership or need.
• Example: I have two dogs.
• Do – Means to act, or perform a task.
• Example: What do you want to do?
• Go – Expresses the idea of movement or traveling somewhere.
• Example: I go to school every day.
• Come – Expresses the idea of coming toward the speaker.
• Example: Can you come here?
• Make – Specifies the production of something.
• Example: I make my bed every morning.
• Take – Refers to the act of receiving or obtaining something.
• Example: Can you take this to the kitchen?
• See- Usage of the eyes to perceive something.
• Example: I see the stars at night.
• Say- To speak words in order to express one's self.
• Example: What did you say?
• Know- Refers to having the knowledge of something or being familiar with something.
• Example: I know the answer.

4. Adjectives (10 Words)

An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

• Good – A term used to qualify or grade something better.
• Example: This is a good book.
• Bad – A term used to qualify or grade something lower.
• Example: The weather is bad today.
• Happy – Signifies a condition that portrays a person with joy.
• Example: She is happy with her results.
• Sad – Denotes a state of a person that is sad or doesn't have happiness.
• Example: He felt sad after the movie.
• Big – Refers to something that is massive in volume or a shade.
• Example: That house is big.
• Small – Refers to something that occupies a small space.
• Example: I have a small dog.

Right idioms have important roles in english. Firstly, right idioms are really specific. Idioms are metaphorical phrases in other words idioms use various words to explain the specifics of the idiom. As Idioms does not dictate particular and specific words to its phrases, they can be used in motion, especially in spoken conversations. Sometime the meaning of an idiom can change depending on the inherent words of the person idom asking 'what does it mean?' or over time, even in simple sentence structure idioms convey more than one meaning.

Metaphors are harder the idioms as metaphor are broader attributes bestows attributes rather than to what they actually are For instant 'she's as strong and fierce like a lion' in this metaphors attributes do exist it does not point to any particular phrase or sentences. For both concepts the key element is figurative meaning which is not always connected logically meaning directly. For both quite the same structural chaos exists within both as the meaning is basically hidden yet all metaphors go back to singular dense idea of metaphors being a form of depiction which is more of an picture rather than image.

Most of idioms quite originate from folk-songs, donations, around business or other informal settings, in other words ideas that are not heavily structured within themselves or simply 'let me give you an example' –'. Reasoning behind this is simple people not chained within a spoke setting allow much more room for growth as structure 'cuts' and idea over time into a very dense picture. This structural chaos gently mixes with the image which in this case the context changes during the time and allows for even to develop more complex structures whilst base.

As with both topics on idioms and metaphors both concepts 'poetic quality' The distinguishing aspect with this set the 'impressive' adjectives that take it towards the 'other world', like 'light', 'shimmers', 'cuts',' writhes', and this picture of setting a tone for mervel breaking which changes the focus but so far trueness, context, original untouched. Although, with metaphoric images rather areas dominated as idioms enable various motions in the context enhancing the image itself yet merging whilst remaining in the basis.

Very interesting the thumbs up lyrics, and strong word from within ' thumb up – that is in english like words speek the same way as with fingers incming with a yes but at the same a thumbs down which comes with opportunities, so much of context where the reader in today society automatically expects the payoff which is understandably straight away from 'sneak peeks'.

Depth of Ike and Wright expectancy to 'treat' meaning all layers to have an impact to alter aspects of future 'images'. For both they co-operate and both cooperate equally at the same time, enable both directions exploration, which in deeply situational. For example context pulls the reader with abundance magnets such as gold plated promises, converse on varying possess not only all including enhancing the overall motive but is not widespread find for now.

5. Prepositions (6 words)

Prepositions are words that explain the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.

• Under – Used to describe the location of something that is in a lower position.
• Example: The dog is lying under the bed.
• Over – Is used to mean a higher position than.
• Example: The helicopter is hovering over the buildings.
• Between – Is used to show a position that lies in the midst of two things.
• Example: The table is positioned between the closet and the bed.

6. Conjunctions (5 Words)

Words, phrases, or clauses can be connected by conjunctions.

• And – Adds one more thing to another.
• Example: I enjoy both apples and oranges.
• But – Indicates contrast of ideas.
• Example: I wish I can go, but I am sick.
• Or – Presents an option between two alternatives.
• Example: Do you prefer tea or coffee?
• Because – Provides something as the explanation of a fact.
• Example: It is late because the bus moved slowly.
• So – Explains the cause/result of something.
• Example: It was cold, so I did not go outside.

7. Common Nouns (10 Words)

The nouns are the words that refer to a people, place, thing or idea.

• Man – Refers to an adult male.
• Example: The man has straight hair.
• Woman – Refers to adult female holding a certain status.
• Example: The woman has light brown hair color.
• Child – Refers to a person who has not attained adulthood.
• Example: The child is playing in the park.
• House – This is where people rest and sleep.
• Example: I live in a big house.
• Car – A mechanical device for transporting individuals.
• Example: My car is parked outside waiting for me.
• Dog – A fowl that is tamed.
• Example: The dog is barking.
• City – It is a large area that is densely habitated.
• Example: I live in a big city.
• School – A learning institution where people attend for educational purposes.
• Example: She is at school.
• Work – An activity done for payment.
• Example: I have a lot of work today.
• Friend – A companion whom you are close to.
• Example: My friend is visiting tomorrow.

8. How often do you use These Common Adverbs:( 10 Words)

Adverbs are the words that give the details how, when or where the action of verb is being performed.

• Rapidly – This word goes to catch the speed of something.
• Example: She quickly ran to catch the bus to the salon.
• Slowly – The opposite of rapidly.
• Example: He walks slowly since he is old.
• Today – Meaning this very present day.
• Example: It is sunny today because clouds are very thin in the atmosphere.
• Now – For referring the present time.
• Example: I am studying now to complete my assignment.
• Often – Used in a context in which a specific action is done frequently.
• Example: She goes to the gym often.
• Sometimes – Used in relation to someone or something that can be described as occurring or done once in a while.
• Example: Sometimes I read a book before bed.
• Never – Used to refer to absences of an event at any time or instance.
• Example: I never touch meat.
• Always – Used to refer to occurrences of an event on every occasion.
• Example: He always carries a book.
• Here – Refers to a specific point or area nearby the speaker's position.
• Example: Could you please come over here?
• There – Used to illustrate a place that is far away from the reference point being used.
• Example: The keys are left over there.

9. Question Words (3 Words)

Question words help you make a request for more specific information.

• What – Used to state questions requiring explanation.
• Example: What is your name?
• Where – Used for posing questions regarding space.
• Example: Where do you live?
• When – Used in questions to inquire about the specific time something will occur.
• Example: When is the meeting?

This list of 100 common words will boost your English vocabulary, which will, in turn, enable you to grasp and engage in some conversations.